
غالبا ما نسمع في لبنان تزمرات من كل ناحية
وصوب تلوم المسوؤلين عن الإنقطاع الدائم للكهرباء ولشح المياه وتراكم النفايات في
الطرقات, بيد أن الحل سهل ولا يوجب تكاليف كبيرة على ميزانية الدولة. بل بالعكس,
فالحل هنا يضمن التخلص النهائي من مشكلة النفايات والكهرباء وماء الري.
كيف ذلك؟
أولا- وكما هومعلوم بالفرز وكثيرون هم من تكلموا بالتفصيل الممل عن هذه العملية, لذلك لن أتطرق لها في مقالي هذا.
ثانيا– بتحويل النفايات إلى طاقة : الحل عندما لا يمكن إعادة تدويرها.
ما الذي يتبادر إلى ذهننا عندما نسمع عن حرق النفايات ، لا شك أنه جبل من القمامة يتصاعد منه دخان أسود. لأنه في الخيال الجماعي ، حرق النفايات ليس عملاً إيجابياً للغاية ويؤدي إلى تلوث بيئي عظيم.
ومع ذلك ، فإن حرق بعض النفايات الصناعية أو المنزلية يجعل من الممكن تقليل تخزين النفايات والإستفادة من تلك التي لا يمكن إعادة تدويرها من خلال إنتاج الطاقة الخضراء. هنا نتحدث عن استعادة الطاقة. وهي الحرارة الناتجة أثناء عملية الحرق والتي يتم تحويلها بعد ذلك إلى طاقة حرارية أو كهرباء لتزويد شبكات التدفئة المركزية أو لتشغيل وسائل النقل العام. في فرنسا مثلا، شهدت كفاءة استخدام الطاقة في هذا القطاع نموًا قويًا لمدة عقد من الزمان. وهناك أكثر من 39 وحدة حرق على كامل الأراضي الفرنسية مزودة بنظام استعادة الطاقة. التي تتجنب استهلاك الموارد الأحفورية ( اي النفط ومشتقاته) وتساهم في الحد من انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون. وبالعودة إلى الدخان الأسود السام الذي يهرب من أكوام القمامة فهوغير موجود هنا ، الجسيمات السامة محاصرة داخل المحرقة.

ما هي النفايات المستخدمة؟ هي نفايات جافة كالعبوات البلاستيكية المتعددة الطبقات المصنوعة من الأفلام والورق المقوى,
والأثاث كالأرائك والكراسي البلاستيكية القديمة وهي مواد غيرقابلة لإعادة التدوير، او نفايات لا يمكن إعادة تدويرها بسبب فرزها عن طريق الخطأ أو لأنها متسخة. بدلاً من فقدها ، يمكن تحويلها إلى طاقة. و هذه الطاقة تستطيع تلبية الطلب المتزايد من المصنعين خاصة.
في مدينة ريمس الفرنسية مثلا قامت إحدى الشركات بإدارة وحدة استعادة الطاقة Remival (UVE). هناك ، تمت معالجة أكثر من 60.000 طن من النفايات التي ينتجها 300.000 من سكان التكتل ، مما أدى إلى إنتاج طاقة متجددة وأقل تكلفة – بفضل ضريبة القيمة المضافة المخفضة – المستخدمة لتدفئة المنازل. ومع تشغيل المولد التوربيني ، ينتج Remival الآن الكهرباء بالإضافة إلى الحرارة: 12000 ميجاوات في الساعة ، يتم توليدها بواسطة البخار من UVE.

طريقة التسخين هذه واذا إستخدمت في لبنان قد تؤدي إلى إغلاق محطاتي إنتاج الطاقة في الزوق وفي الجية, فنتائجها العملية ، هي توفير 50000 طن من ثاني أكسيد الكربون وانخفاض كبير في انبعاثات الجسيمات الدقيقة من احتراق الفيول الذي أتعب كاهل الأقتصاد الوطني.
يأخذ استرداد الطاقة من النفايات بعدًا بعيداً جدًا عن الكليشيهات المعتادة. خاصة وأن مستقبل الصناعة يعد بأن يكون أكثر بيئياً.. بمعنى آخر ، إنها مسألة إنتاج الكهرباء بفضل الحرارة المنبعثة من احتراق المواد (الخشب ، النباتات ، النفايات الزراعية ، النفايات المنزلية العضوية) أو إنتاج الغاز الحيوي الناتج عن تخمير هذه المواد والذي بإستطعتنا إستخدامه كبديل للغاز الطبيعي المستخدم في قارورات الغاز والذي ارتفع سعره بسبب إرتفاع النفط العالمي وإرتفاع سعر الدولار محلياً.

قد يقول البعض أني حالمة وان ما أقترحه هنا من سابع المستحيلات بسبب مافيا النفط والمولدات ومن يحميهم من زعماء السياسة والطوائف لكن اقول لهم, الحق الحق, اذا الشعب اراد الحياة فلا بد أن يستفيق من كبوته وأن ينفض عنه غبار التبعية والخنوع.
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