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la grandeur d’une grotte; Jeita!

Dimanche passé, j’ai été invitée par des amis en vacances au pays, à visiter la grotte de Jeita située à l’ouest du  mont Liban, à 5 km à l’est de la côte méditerranéenne et à 18 kilomètres au nord de Beyrouth.

Ce n’est pas ma première visite mais l’émotion est, comme si c’était.

Après avoir récupéré nos billets, un téléphérique nous conduit à la galerie supérieure qui a été découverte en 1958 par des spéléologues libanais dont les expéditions ont révélé un grand système souterrain d’une longueur totale de 9 km.

Un tunnel d’accès en béton, de 117 m de longueur,  nous permis de découvrir un paysage sensationnel : voûtes monumentales, stalagmites, stalactites en forme de colonnes ou de champignons, mais aussi des étangs, des rideaux, des draperies et concrétions cristallines diverses tout cela est mis en valeur par un système d’éclairage très bien étudié. Cette partie supérieure a une longueur totale de 2 130 m dont seulement 750 m sont accessibles aux visiteurs  par soucis écologique. Cette partie est formée de trois chambres énormes dont certaines font plus de 100 m de hauteur : La Chambre Blanche à cause des stalactites blancs de calcite pure, la deuxième Chambre rouge, à cause de la couleur des formations ; la couleur rouge étant donnée par l’oxyde de fer présent en petites quantités. La Chambre Blanche est de taille moyenne, mais les formations les plus impressionnantes de la grotte s’y trouvent (La plus longue stalactite du monde s’y trouve, elle mesure 8,2 mètres de long).

La Chambre rouge a 106 mètres de hauteur et de 50 mètres de largeur. La troisième chambre est la plus grande des trois et a une hauteur de plus de 120 mètres.

Puis, nous sommes passés à la grotte inférieure découverte en 1836, par le révérend William Thomson (un missionnaire américain).Cette galerie est parcourue par une rivière souterraine, source principale du Nahr el-Kelb qui fournit l’eau potable à Beyrouth. C’est une caverne de 7 800 m, située à 30 m au-dessous de la galerie supérieure. La rivière, glaciale, est divisée en plusieurs petites cataractes et rapides. Là, nous avons été transportés dans de petites chaloupes électriques sur une distance de 400 m sur le « Lac Noir » illuminé par place par des projecteurs aux lumières multicolores. Dans la barque, notre guide nous raconta que les grottes de Jeita ont été habitées depuis la  Préhistoire (d’anciens vestiges d’une fonderie ont été retrouvés dans une petite grotte à proximité de Nahr el-Kelb qui donne à penser que cette grotte a été utilisée pour produire des armes durant la Préhistoire), que de temps en temps, des manifestations culturelles ont lieu dans cet environnement inhabituel (en 1969, le compositeur français François Bayle a donné un concert de musique électronique afin de célébrer l’ouverture de la galerie supérieure. La même année,  un concert du compositeur allemand Karlheinz Stockhaussen a eu lieu en novembre 1969).

Cette partie de la grotte est formée aussi par plusieurs salles : le Panthéon, le Grand Chaos et Shangri-la. A la fin de la visite, nous avons quitté les lieux dans un petit train.

En lisant cet article, je suis sûre que vous avez pensé que je décris ma visite de la grotte de Jeita comme aurait fait une collégienne en classe complémentaire, mais la grandeur de ce site rend quiconque petit et humble.

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