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La portée psychologique et théologique de La Cène de Léonardo Da Vinci.

Plusieurs ont peint le dernier souper de Jésus Christ avec ses disciples ou La Cène. Allant de la Renaissance au Pop Art,les plus connues sont celles de Dirk Bouts en 1468, Léonardo Da Vinci en 1498, Hans Holbein 1525, Tintoret 1593, Rubens1632, Philippe de Champaigne vers 1652, William Blake 1799, Dali en 1955, Andy Warhol en 1986 et David la Chapelle en 2003.

Mais reste-t-il que celle dont la célébrité est la plus insurmontable est La Cène de Léonardo DaVinci, ce grand génie de tous les temps. Peinte entre 1494 et 1498 sous le gouvernement de Lodovico il Moro, cette œuvre unique ou dois-je dire épique (c’est une immense peinture de 4,60 mètres de haut et 8,80 mètres de large) est le fruit d’une recherche exhaustive basée sur une infinité de croquis préparatoires. Comme tout artiste, Da Vinci a voulu approcher son sujet d’une manière différente à celle de tous ceux qui l’ont précédé. Alors, il y a abandonné la méthode traditionnelle de la fresque en peignant la scène «à sec» sur le mur du réfectoire de l’ancien couvent dominicain de Santa Maria delle Grazia, utilisant la technique à la détrempe et à l’huile sur une préparation de plâtre.

Pour se permettre de retoucher plus facilement la peinture au fur et à mesure de son avancée, Da Vinci utilisa une technique singulière inappropriée aux fresques – Au lieu de peinture humide, il utilisa de la tempera et des huiles après avoir imperméabilisé la pierre du mur au plâtre sec. Mais, son initiative  a fait que le tableau a montré des signes de détérioration dès le départ. Pour empirer les choses, l’emplacement de la fresque sur un mur extérieur sujet à l’humidité l’a empêché de sécher correctement et a entraîné l’effritement du mur avec les années.

La Dernière Cène de Léonardo Da Vinci est sans aucun doute l’une des œuvres d’art les plus importantes de tous les temps, à la fois pour son approche innovante et pour l’impact qu’elle a eu sur les artistes de tous âges. Cette magnifique œuvre d’art a été considérée par les artistes contemporains de Léonardo comme la «peinture qui parle», quelque chose qui ne s’était jamais produit auparavant.

Cette fresque géante est un exemple parfait de l’art chrétien de la Renaissance, qui illustre le verset 13 :21 de l’Evangile selon Saint Jean où Jésus, entouré de ses disciples, révèle que l’un d’entre eux va bientôt le trahir. Le tableau capture les réactions des apôtres de façon vive, montrant chacune de leurs personnalités en action. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une anecdote biblique soutenant un message théologique, le tableau est de par sa composition extrêmement complexe, est une œuvre d’art singulière : l’usage de Da Vinci de la perspective ainsi que l’attention portée à la psychologie des personnages en font l’une des premières pièces de l’art de la Renaissance, établissant plusieurs des conventions esthétiques du mouvement.

Pour pouvoir mettre en relief cette portée psychologique des personnages, Da Vinci s’est trouvé un modèle qui pose pour chacun des différents personnages de son œuvre.

La légende raconte qu’il a rencontré le personnage qui représenta Jésus à la cathédrale de Milan et durant 11 mois, il a pu peindre tous les disciples excepté Judas, ce qui l’empêcha de continuer son ouvrage. Sa recherche d’un modèle qui pourrait incarner le disciple maudit, le mena dans les quartiers les plus redoutés de la ville et cela dura 2 ans. A la fin, il tomba sur un homme dont le visage était l’incarnation même du traitre, il le pria de venir dans son atelier et l’homme accepta immédiatement. Ne le reconnaissant pas, Léonardo se mit à son ouvrage, mais ne tarda pas de s’arrêter car l’homme fondit en larmes et puis raconta a Léonardo la raison de ses pleurs : c’était lui qui, depuis des années avait posé pour le personnage de Jésus ; bien que nombreux sont ceux qui pensent que La Cène inclut des significations cachées ou des messages secrets dans son symbolisme et  que quelques théoriciens  complotistes ont prétendu que la personne assise à la gauche de Jésus (du côté de sa main droite) n’est pas vraiment Jean comme on pourrait le croire, mais plutôt une femme, peut-être Marie-Madeleine, le message profond ou plutôt la morale de cette œuvre immortelle est que « en chacun de nous, il y a un Jésus et un Judas et le plus grand défi est de pouvoir atteindre cette belle version de soi-même. On ne peut célébrer cette variante qu’à travers le Christ et de Lui permettre de s’introduire dans notre vie et ainsi on atteint ce que Le Bon Dieu nous a créer pour ».

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About Carole

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