Je me suis toujours demandé c’est quoi L’art déco, le confondant avec l’art nouveau jusqu’au jour où j’ai décidé de faire ma propre recherche. Il s’agit d’un courant artistique qui voit le jour dans les années 1910, et qui connait son plein épanouissement au cours des années 20, pour à la fin décliner dans les années 30.
Le terme « Art déco » est l’abréviation de « Arts décoratifs », il touche le monde de l’architecture, plus précisément l’aménagement et la décoration de l’intérieur.
Au fait, c’est un nouveau mouvement en réaction contre l’Art nouveau, fluide et irrationnel et qui voit le jour en France, en Allemagne, dans les Pays-Bas ou encore en Belgique. On y commence à s’orienter vers des lignes simples, des compositions classiques, en quelque sorte vers un retour à l’ordre et la sobriété: fini les décorations encombrantes et exubérantes.
Au fil des années, l’Art déco s’imposera peu à peu et les différences entre les formes d’Art nouveau et d’Art déco se résumeront désormais ainsi : l’Art déco rejette toutes formes d’Art nouveau, des formes asymétriques, polychromes pittoresques où les sentiments priment sur la raison. L’Art déco joue sur une matière unique et sur une symétrie manifeste : honneur à l’harmonie et au pragmatisme. Il réconcilie aussi l’art, l’artisanat et l’industrie.
Ses caractéristiques qui lui sont propres, le distinguant d’autres mouvements comme le mouvement moderne ou encore le style des années 30, seront:
Le refus des angles droits : cette caractéristique touche essentiellement les immeubles.
Le Bow-window : ce sont des fenêtres qui ont pour rôle de couper la monotonie d’une façade en plus d’agrandir la surface intérieure.
L’utilisation de matériaux disparates : en Art déco on ne privilégie aucun matériau particulier. Dans la pratique, on se tourne souvent vers le béton armé.
Pans coupés : ils représentent le style Art déco parce qu’ils permettent d’éviter les angles droits.
L’ornementation : contrairement à ce que l’on pourrait penser, l’Art déco est très attaché à l’ornementation, que ce soit pour la décoration intérieure ou extérieure. Il n’est donc pas étrange de voir des motifs fascinants sur les balcons ou encore les façades des immeubles Art déco;
L’élégance et le confort : les meubles “Art déco” se caractérisent par leurs lignes géométriques, leurs matériaux précieux, leur minimalisme et surtout leur raffinement. On voit bien tout cela dans les meubles créés par de grands artistes de l’Art déco comme Jean_Michel Franck, Jean Dunand, Eugène Printz ou encore Jacques_Emile Ruhlmann.
Les motifs spiraux et les motifs floraux : ces deux motifs sont très utilisés dans l’Art déco, surtout le motif spiral qui peut symboliser la fleur ou le fruit.
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