Dans la ville d’Avila, Saint Jean de la Croix eut une vision mystique. Prenant une plume, il dessina ce qu’il percevait. Il ébaucha une figure du Christ tourmenté et crucifié vu sous la perspective la plus inhabituelle, d’en haut c’était une perspective que l’on pourrait associer à Dieu le Père regardant le fils qu’il a sacrifié. Le corps pend en avant dans une contorsion dramatique qui semblait être prêt à tomber s’il n’était pas retenu à la croix par des clous surdimensionnés.
En 1945, un biographe de Saint-Jean montra le croquis au peintre espagnol Salvador Dali. Dans les années 1940, Dali commença à revenir à la foi de sa jeunesse et son œil surréaliste pouvait désormais apprécier la valeur spirituelle trouvée dans les interprétations artistiques d’un authentique mystique. Sa rencontre avec le dessin visionnaire de St Jean sera une source d’inspiration.
L’artiste a réalisé l’une des œuvres les plus profondément spirituelles de l’ère moderne. Tandis que Dali a utilisé la même perspective que celle qu’il a vue dans le croquis antique. Le concept de sa peinture est fondamentalement nouveau, adapté à son tempérament moderne et surréaliste. L’artiste a écrit : « En 1950, j’ai fait un rêve cosmique dans lequel je voyais cette image en couleur dans laquelle … je considéré dans l’unité même de l’univers ; le Christ. J’ai travaillé géométriquement un triangle et un cercle et j’ai inscrit mon Christ dans ce triangle. En effet, le schéma géométrique de la peinture de Dali fonde l’œuvre dans une immobilité sublime alors que le croquis de Saint-Jean est frénétique et chargé de douleur et d’énergie asymétrique. L’interprétation de Dali est équilibrée comme un totem reposé. La tête du Christ forme le cercle nucléaire du tableau et la ligne invisible reliant ses bras tendus à ses pieds crée le triangle. Pour le Christ dans le triangle est le symbole de la trinité et le cercle est le symbole de l’éternité. Tandis que le croquis de Saint-Jean est un enregistrement impressionniste d’une vision dans le temps, la peinture de Dali est un rendu méticuleux d’une idée pour tous les temps.
Alors que le Christ de saint Jean est un cadavre comme une oblation, celui de Dali est un Christ cosmique qui ne souffre pas. Le Christ de Dali n’a pas de clous pour le fixer à la croix, son corps est un modèle de perfection, jeune et sans cicatrices. Le dessin de saint Jean était une vision de la mort atroce de la croix ; la peinture de Dali est une célébration de la vie et du triomphe sur la mort. La lumière qui coule sur la figure musclée à partir d’une source invisible et uniforme est réalisée avec une touche audacieusement cinématographique. L’éclat contraste fortement avec l’obscurité qui entoure les nuages atmosphériques croisés qui séparent la figure du Christ planant de la scène tranquille en dessous, c’est l’aube d’un nouveau jour.
Dali a placé le sien sur un paysage englobant et bénissant tout ce qui se trouve en dessous. Les pêcheurs se tiennent en contrebas tandis que les bateaux de pêche et les filets décorent le rivage. Le lien apostolique est évident. Pour le Christ les disciples devaient être des pêcheurs d’hommes répandant l’évangile jusqu’aux extrémités de la terre. Les monticules s’élevant de la baie au loin symbolisaient les différents continents de la terre où ce message a été diffusé. Il a fallu 4 mois à Dali pour terminer son tableau. Les critiques d’art du monde entier l’ont jugé pour être trop religieux et trop réaliste.
Le tableau se trouve maintenant à la galerie d’art Kelvin Grove à Glasgow en Écosse.
À l’époque, la galerie a été critiquée pour les dépenses qu’elle a réclamées pour l’acheter , au lieu de donner l’argent à un artiste écossais et en plus pour sa saveur catholique espagnole unique. Ironiquement, c’est aujourd’hui l’un des tableaux les plus appréciés d’Écosse. Le gouvernement espagnol a proposé de l’acheter pour 80 millions de dollars, mais les autorités écossaises ont refusé. Aucune somme d’argent ne pourrait les inciter à se séparer d’une œuvre d’art religieuse qu’ils ont appris à aimer, considérée maintenant comme l’une des œuvres religieuses les plus appréciées du monde.
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