De nos jours, les gens s’intéressent plus à la cause animale, mais ne sont pas assez conscients des maladies que leur petit compagnon peut contracter, surtout certaines qui sont souvent fatales.
La pan leucopénie féline est une maladie hautement contagieuse et potentiellement mortelle des chats, causée par le virus de la pan leucopénie féline (FPV, également appelé parvovirus félin) qui ne doit pas être confondue avec le parvovirus canin. Les chatons sont les plus gravement touchés. Le FPV attaque les cellules qui croissent et se divisent rapidement, comme celles des ganglions lymphatiques, de la moelle osseuse, des intestins et des fœtus en développement. Heureusement, il existe des vaccins très efficaces pour aider à protéger les chats contre le pan leucopénie féline.
Le FPV étant présent partout dans l’environnement, presque tous les chatons et chats y sont exposés à un moment ou à un autre de leur vie. Bien que les chats de tout âge puissent attraper le virus, les jeunes chatons, les chats malades et les chats non vaccinés sont les plus susceptibles de tomber malades. Certains groupes de chats sont également plus sensibles, comme ceux des animaleries, des refuges pour animaux, des chenils ou des pensions, ainsi que les colonies de chats sauvages non vaccinés.
Les chats infectés peuvent transmettre le FPV dans leurs selles et urine et les sécrétions nasales. Les chats sensibles peuvent être infectés lorsqu’ils entrent en contact avec ces substances. Les chattes infectées et enceintes peuvent également transmettre le virus à leurs chatons à naître.
D’autres sources possibles d’infection sont les éléments contaminés par des virus comme les bacs à litière, les cages, les jouets, les bols de nourriture et d’eau et les mains ou vêtements de personnes ayant manipulé des chats infectés
La plupart des chats infectés par le FPV ne présentent aucun signe et semblent normaux. Les chats qui tombent malades, le plus souvent ceux âgés de moins d’un an, peuvent présenter les symptômes suivants : diarrhée, vomissements, fièvre, dépression/somnolence, perte d’appétit, déshydratation (peut se manifester par des yeux enfoncés ou des gencives sèches).
Les chats affectés, en particulier les chatons, peuvent également mourir subitement. Si votre chat présente l’un des signes ci-dessus, contactez immédiatement votre vétérinaire. Et pour éviter que la maladie ne se propage, éloignez votre chat des autres chats et désinfectez les surfaces éventuellement contaminées par le FPV avec une dilution au 1:32 d’eau de Javel domestique (1/2 tasse d’eau de Javel dans 1 gallon d’eau) appliquée pendant au moins 10 minutes.
Étant donné que le FPV peut diminuer considérablement la capacité de l’organisme à combattre les infections, les chats peuvent également développer d’autres infections, comme des maladies respiratoires, et présenter également des signes causés par ces infections.
La maladie chez les chats qui survivent à l’infection par le FPV ne dure généralement pas plus d’une semaine. Les chatons de moins de cinq mois courent le plus grand risque de mourir. Les chatons survivants infectés avant ou peu de temps après la naissance peuvent subir des lésions cérébrales, provoquant une incoordination et des tremblements lors des mouvements, ou des convulsions. La cécité est également possible.
Il n’existe pas de traitement spécifique pour la panleucopénie féline, les soins se concentrent donc généralement sur le soutien des chats affectés avec des liquides, des nutriments et d’autres besoins essentiels jusqu’à ce qu’ils s’améliorent. Cela implique généralement l’isolement des autres chats, que ce soit à l’hôpital vétérinaire ou à la maison.
Les chats gravement malades courent un risque de déshydratation et de choc potentiellement mortels et nécessitent des soins et une surveillance intensifs dès que possible. Ce type de soins comprend souvent une fluidothérapie intraveineuse (IV), un soutien nutritionnel, des médicaments contre la douleur et/ou des anti-vomissements et, des antibiotiques. Les chats souffrant d’anémie et/ou de perte de protéines peuvent également avoir besoin d’une transfusion.
Le rétablissement d’un chat dépend de divers facteurs, tels que son âge et son état de santé général, la gravité de sa maladie et la rapidité avec laquelle il reçoit des soins vétérinaires. Généralement, plus un chat ne reçoit des soins tôt, meilleures sont les chances d’obtenir un bon résultat.
Pour éviter tout risque de la maladie il faut vacciner chats et chattons.
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