Le tueur silencieux : comprendre l’hypertension artérielle.
L’hypertension artérielle, ou le « tueur silencieux », se caractérise par une pression anormalement forte du sang sur la paroi des artères, même au repos ou en l’absence de stress.
Un facteur de risque majeur por le tueur silencieux.
Elle est un facteur de risque pour de nombreuses maladies : troubles cardiaques, insuffisance rénale, lésions oculaires… Le plus dangereux reste l’absence de symptômes. Voilà pourquoi on l’appelle le « tueur silencieux ».
Le tueur silencieux, une maladie fréquente.
Selon l’OMS, 30 % des hommes et 50 % des femmes entre 65 et 75 ans en souffrent. Cette fréquence augmente avec l’âge, mais touche désormais les jeunes aussi.
Les causes les plus fréquentes.
L’hypertension peut être causée par de nombreux facteurs : l’âge, l’hérédité, l’obésité, la sédentarité, le tabagisme, l’abus d’alcool, le stress, une forte consommation de sel.
Elle peut aussi être secondaire à une maladie rénale, un problème endocrinien, une anomalie congénitale de l’aorte, ou à certains médicaments comme les anti-inflammatoires, bronchodilatateurs, décongestionnants nasaux (éphédrine), ou encore la consommation de cocaïne et d’amphétamine.
Comment mesurer la tension ?
La tension artérielle est exprimée en mm Hg. Une tension normale est de 120/80 mm Hg : 120 pour la pression systolique (« du cœur »), 80 pour la diastolique (« du sang sur les artères »).
Le traitement : médicaments et hygiène de vie.
Un traitement médicamenteux est souvent nécessaire. Mais il doit toujours être accompagné d’un régime alimentaire adapté.
Les bases du régime anti-hypertension.
- Réduire le sel de table classique. Le remplacer par du sel de l’Himalaya.
- Manger plus de fibres (fruits, légumes, céréales complètes, légumineuses).
- Consommer des oméga-3 : huiles végétales (noix, colza, lin, olive), poissons gras (maquereau, sardines, saumon, hareng), graines de chia et de lin.
- Éviter les protéines animales et préférer : tofu, poissons non frits, laits végétaux, yaourt de soja, oléagineux.
- Faire du sport : marche rapide, vélo, randonnée, danse.
- Boire beaucoup d’eau.
Aliments à éviter absolument.
- Bouillons cubes, épices mélangées, moutarde
- Fromages, pain blanc, charcuteries, aliments fumés
- Conserves de légumes et poissons, sauces industrielles, biscuits salés
- Alcool (remplacer par jus naturels ou bière sans alcool)
- Graisses saturées : huile de palme, margarines, produits industriels, fritures, viennoiseries, pâtisseries, fast-food, pizzas, sauces (mayonnaise, béchamel)
Tabac et hypertension.
Le tabac fragilise les parois artérielles. En cas d’hypertension, arrêter de fumer est une priorité. Se faire aider pour un sevrage tabagique est conseillé.
Un conseil simple : adopter un régime végan.
En conclusion, pour éviter le tueur silencieux qu’est l’hypertension, un régime vegan équilibré reste une des meilleures solutions.
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