Une question que tous se demandent; pourquoi existent-ils des nains et des géants?
La classification anthropologique considère comme nains, les sujets adultes dont la stature est inférieure à 1,30 m. Le nanisme est un état pathologique causé par un retard de la croissance dûe a un dérèglement hormonal, c’est-à-dire au mauvais fonctionnement des glandes endocrines : l’hypophyse, la thyroide, les surrénales, les gonads ont tous une action capital quant à la morphologie des individus.
Les nains peuvent prévenir de parents de taille normale et certains d’entre eux sont capables de procréer. La cause générale du nanisme est une insuffisance hormonale, soit thyroidienne, soit hypophysaire.
Le nanisme, dû a une hypothyroidie, présente des disproportions corporelles et les hypothyroidiens sont souvent atteints de crétinisme.
Comme les géants, les nains vieillissent de manière précoce.
Les nains les plus connus historiquement sont ceux qui amusaient les cours royales de Philippe IV, du roi Stanislas, comme Tom Thumb (95 cm), de son vrai nom Ch. Stratton.
D’autre part, existe-t-il des peuplades de géants, c’est-à-dire de personnes d’une taille extraordinaire? La réponse doit être négative.
Dans chaque race humaine, la stature individuelle est variable. Les Esquimaux, les Lapons et certains Indiens d’Amérique du Sud sont généralement petits de taille tandis que des individus d’Afrique orientale mesurent en moyenne 1,9m. Mais, ce ne sont pas des géants.
En réalite, il semble que l’existence des géants soit seulement mythique ou folklorique.
Pourtant on a dû voir dans les attractions de cirque, des géants c’est-à-dire des personnes dont la taille dépasse les 2 mètres. La glande pituitaire ou hypophyse joue un rôle capital dans la croissance du corps humain. Quelquefois, une tumeur survient et l’hypertrophie secrète en trop grande quantité son hormone, et ainsi agit sur la morphologie de l’individu et accélère le processus de croissance jusqu’à ce que sa taille dépasse les 2 mètres. La classification anthropologique considère comme géants les individus masculins de 2 mètres et plus, et les individus feminins de 1,87 mètre et plus. Comme les nains, les géants sont des exceptions. Par mieux l’on peut citer l’empereur Maximin dont on dit qu’il mesurait 2,50 mètres. En général, l’intelligence du géant ou son courage ne répondent pas à sa taille. De plus, les géants vieillissent rapidement et présentent la plupart du temps des signes d’
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