Home / Mon exposition / Roger Marj, l’icône byzantine, une communication avec Dieu.

Roger Marj, l’icône byzantine, une communication avec Dieu.

Qui, en pénétrant dans une église orthodoxe ou catholique grecque, n’est pas profondément touché par l’atmosphère religieuse qui y règne?

Une odeur d’encens et de cire brûlée, des fresques multicolores rehaussées d’or, illuminées par les rayons  du jour qui pénètrent par la coupole centrale, nous emportent vers l’au-delà. Des figures plates, fictives, sans ombres cadrées dans une fausse perspective poussent le fidèle à se communier avec Dieu. Le secret de ce mysticisme réside dans l’icône, peinture portative de personnages sacrés, se retrouvant dans toutes les églises byzantines.

Pour pouvoir percer le mystère de cette peinture sacrée, j‘ai rencontré l’iconographe Roger Gaby Marj dans son atelier à Jeita. Un atelier, je pourrai dire, douillet, aux murs duquel, sont accrochées une quinzaine d’icônes.

Roger était installé devant l’une d’elle à l’écrire (parce qu’une icône ne se peint jamais ; c’est une illustration de nature religieuse par ses thèmes et ses sujets, cultuelle par sa signification, c’est précisément la traduction en couleur des écritures saintes et c’est pourquoi un iconographe est plutôt un écrivain qu’un peintre, investi d’une véritable mission théologique autant qu’artistique.)

« L’icône religieuse a pour but d’être un lien entre le monde divin et le monde terrestre. Les premières icônes remontent à l’époque des apôtres, à Saint Luc en particulier, considéré comme premier iconographe et les icônes grecques de la période byzantine sont les manifestations artistiques les plus nombreuses du monde chrétien oriental ».

Selon Roger Marj, la théologie de l’icône prévit des règles iconographiques conventionnelles inscrites dans des manuels spécifiques, unifiant les proportions, les couleurs, les postures, les types et auxquels l’iconographe doit suivre de manière stricte. En même temps, cette théologie se tourne vers la représentation de visages, qui révèlent une grande sensibilité à la fois physique. L’expression cultuelle y est plus importante que la connaissance exacte de la représentation de l’anatomie. Les icônes grecques où les pigments sont dilués dans un mélange de jaune d’œuf et de vinaigre, présentent des figures à plat, avec des drapés de vêtements raides, aux plis sévères et bien tracés. Les gestes et les poses des personnages sont figés. Chaque détail exprime un concept, incarne une signification supérieure, un renvoi précieux à un épisode évangélique, à un message spirituel, bref à la nature même de la doctrine chrétienne ; ainsi les yeux remarquablement agrandis soulignent le regard divin qui voit tout, alors que le nez, plus long que de nature, signifie la droiture du croyant tandis que la petite bouche est l’incarnation de la glorification et de la louange du Créateur. À noter que les icônes sont écrites sur un tissu en lin collé à une planche en bois avec de la colle de peau de lapin ; technique ancestrale.  

« Parmi les différents icônes grecques-byzantines, les plus captivantes sont l’Icônes de la Sainte Mère de Dieu, dédiée à la vénération de la Sainte Vierge dans laquelle la Vierge est symbolisée en tant que Mère, avec son Fils dans les bras, ornée d’une tunique et d’un manteau décoré de trois étoiles, symbole de sa virginité avant et durant la grossesse et après l’accouchement, et celles du Christ Sauveur(si l’Évangile que Jésus tient, est ouvert) ou Pantocrator (si l’Évangile est fermée), dans lesquelles le sauveur est représenté en buste avec le livre saint dans la main gauche et la main droite dans l’acte de bénédiction. Il porte une tunique bleu clair symbole de sa nature divine et un manteau rouge qui rappelle sa nature humaine. Son teint est brun et ses traits sont ceux d’un moyen-oriental ». « Les icônes byzantines sont souvent habillées d’une plaque en or comme troisième plan ce qui rend l’icône bidimensionnelle, mettant le portrait sacré en relief, soulignant le côté royal du personnage divin » ajouta-t-il.

Le Christ Pantocrator, le sauveur est représenté en buste avec  (si l’Évangile  fermée dans la main gauche et la main droite dans l’acte de bénédiction.

« Si la Vierge à l’enfant ou le Christ Pantocrator sont les icônes les plus courantes, les icônes de Saint-Georges tuant le dragon, de Saint Nicolas, de L’annonciation faite à la Vierge par l’ange Gabriel, de Saint Jean Batiste portant une tunique en poil de chameau et une cape verte couleur de la nature, du Christ reçu par la foule de Jérusalem, montant un âne à la tête basse ressemblant à un trône et enfin la Crucification sont aussi bien célèbres » conclut-il.

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About Carole

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