Origine et formation de l’agate.
L’agate est une variété de quartz qui se forme dans les régions volcaniques. Elle résulte d’un mélange de silice, d’eau et de minéraux (oxydes de manganèse, de fer…) qui colorent les bandes créées par une cristallisation rythmique.
Transparente à translucide, elle présente une dureté entre 6 et 7 sur l’échelle de Mohs. Son éclat est vitreux, et sa luminescence peut être blanche, jaune verdâtre ou verte.
Les gisements d’agate à travers le monde.
De belles agates ont été découvertes en Allemagne, Tchécoslovaquie, Russie, Mongolie, Chine, Yémen, Maroc, Islande et Inde. Aujourd’hui, les principaux gisements exploités se trouvent au Brésil, en Uruguay et au Québec.
Les couleurs naturelles et artificielles de l’agate.
Les agates naturelles arborent souvent des tons gris, bleu doux, ou des nuances de jaune à marron. Grâce à sa porosité, cette pierre a pu être teintée dès l’époque romaine par trempage dans des solutions colorées.
Aujourd’hui, on obtient des couleurs vives (rose, bleu, jaune…) à l’aide de bains chimiques (acides, sulfates…), suivis d’un chauffage pour fixer la teinte.
Étymologie et usage ancien de l’agate.
Le nom « agate » vient du fleuve Akhatês, en Sicile. C’est le philosophe grec Théophraste qui le lui donna. Déjà utilisée en Égypte, Mésopotamie, chez les Hébreux, dans la vallée de l’Indus, puis en Grèce et à Rome, l’agate servait à fabriquer bijoux, objets ornementaux et cultuels.
L’agate en bijouterie.
Le métal le plus souvent associé à l’agate est l’argent. On la trouve montée de manière sobre ou originale, en perles ou en formes taillées, souvent sur cordons noirs.
Entretien de l’agate.
Pour nettoyer une agate, il suffit de la tremper dans de l’eau tiède additionnée de liquide vaisselle. Ce soin doux conserve sa brillance.
Symbolique et vertus de cette pierre.
L’agate a toujours été liée à la nature. Elle favoriserait la croissance des plantes, protégerait contre serpents, piqûres et scorpions. Elle renforcerait aussi l’équilibre corps-esprit, atténuerait les troubles sanguins et cutanés, et préserverait les poumons.
Cette pierre est associée à Mercure et au dieu Esculape. Selon les couleurs, elle se relie aux signes :
– vert : Taureau, Verseau
– jaune : Lion
– rouge : Balance
– bleu : Poissons
En astrologie chinoise, l’agate bleue, verte et l’onyx font partie des douze pierres d’amour qui favorisent la vie sentimentale.
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