Vanessa Benelli Mosell au Festival al Bustan.
Le 23 février passé, au Festival al Bustan, avant ce terrible confinement qui a paralysé le globe terrestre, Vanessa Benelli Mosell, à qui Yuri Bashmet avait accordé le Prix du Festival d’Elbe en 2004, a joué le Concerto pour piano no 3 en do mineur de Beethoven, accompagnée de l’Orchestre Philharmonique Libanais.

Une soirée Beethoven.
La salle était pleine. La séance avait commencé par la Symphonie no 3, dirigée par le jeune Gianluca Marcianò. Elle s’est poursuivie par le très célèbre Concerto pour piano et orchestre no 3 en do mineur, opus 37, le troisième des cinq concertos pour piano de Ludwig van Beethoven.
Genèse du concerto.
Composé tout juste après l’écriture du Testament de Heiligenstadt, et contemporain de la Troisième symphonie (1803-1804), ce concerto n’a rien du caractère récalcitrant et intransigeant des autres œuvres de Beethoven en do mineur. Un concerto pour piano reste une œuvre relativement « commerciale », supposée séduire un large public.

C’est l’unique concerto de Beethoven composé en mode mineur. Il est de forme classique : en trois mouvements. Le premier, sombre, adopte une forme sonate bi-thématique avec double exposition. Le deuxième, romantique et mélodieux, est de forme lied (A-B-A’). Alors que le troisième, ardent, mêle rondo et forme sonate (AB-ACA-ABA), un procédé souvent utilisé par Beethoven.
Vanessa Benelli Mosell donne la tension dramatique à l’oeuvre.
Le premier et le troisième mouvement, dans la tragique tonalité du do mineur (celle de la fameuse Cinquième symphonie), sont d’une intensité et d’un dramatisme poignants. Comme dans la Cinquème, le concerto se termine en do majeur.
Pour ce concerto, Beethoven s’est écarté résolument de l’inspiration mozartienne caractérisant ses deux premiers concertos. La virtuosité contribue désormais à la cohésion dramatique. Le rythme pointé du premier mouvement sert d’ossature à la virtuosité du soliste et aux développements mélodiques.

Le piano devient un véritable médiateur, assurant transitions et développements dans un dialogue avec un orchestre aux proportions symphoniques. Ce dernier n’est plus au service du soliste, mais un partenaire égal.
Vanessa Benelli Mosell révèle toute la tension romantique du Concerto n°3 de Beethoven.
Le compositeur a présenté ce Concerto en do mineur de manière à ce qu’il continue à embrouiller l’esprit plus de deux siècles après sa création. La première eut lieu le 5 avril 1803, au Theater an der Wien. Le programme comprenait également trois autres œuvres : la Deuxième symphonie, l’oratorio Christus am Ölberge (Christ sur le mont des Oliviers), ainsi qu’une reprise de la Première symphonie, entendue pour la première fois un an plus tôt.
Entre Mozart et Beethoven.

Ce concerto comble le fossé entre les deux premiers concertos de Beethoven, encore dérivés de Mozart, et un style plus personnel. Il montre une conscience aiguë du Concerto K. 491 de Mozart, également en do mineur. Les deux s’ouvrent avec les cordes jouant doucement une figure ascendante, les vents se joignant pour un premier point culminant.
Un fragment thématique — do – mi bémol – si bémol — du K. 491 se retrouve dans les cordes basses à la neuvième mesure du Beethoven. Plus frappants encore, les arpèges solos dans la coda rappellent certaines parties du concerto mozartien. Mais les féroces exécutions en do mineur, avec lesquelles le piano entre, sont d’un dramatisme purement beethovénien.

Mouvements intérieurs et finale surprenante.
Le mouvement lent est une oasis de calme au milieu des mouvements extérieurs agités. La mélodie chantante du piano s’étend, accompagnée de cordes en sourdine. Les arpèges du piano s’enroulent autour du thème, repris ensuite par cordes et bois. Suit un passage magique : des arpèges de piano accompagnent un duo pour basson et flûte.
Le rondo final, encore en do mineur, combine esprit et tension. Beethoven surprend avec un second thème, annoncé par la clarinette. Le thème principal se transforme ensuite en fugue, dont la conclusion semble annoncer le retour du do mineur. Mais non : il monte d’un demi-ton au ré bémol (un vieux tour de Haydn), puis le piano erre en mi majeur — tonalité éloignée du ré bémol, mais proche du mouvement lent de ce même concerto.

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