Plus de 45% des gens souffrent de calculus rénaux. Leurs causes diffèrent d’une personne à l’autre. Mais pour pouvoir les traiter, il faudrait avant tout, savoir c’est quoi un calcul rénal.
Les calculs rénaux sont constitués de sels et de minéraux qui se cristallisent en petites pierres de taille variable, car elles peuvent avoir la taille d’un grain de sable ou celle d’une balle de golf. Les calculs peuvent rester à l’intérieur des reins ou se déplacer à l’extérieur du corps par le système urinaire qui se compose des reins, de l’uretère, de la vessie et de l’urètre.
Parfois, on ne ressent aucune douleur lorsque les calculs traversent la vessie, mais parfois, ce processus peut s’accompagner de l’apparition d’une douleur intense en plus d’autres symptômes.
La plupart du temps, ces symptômes n’apparaissent pas s’ils se trouvent dans les reins, mais ils provoquent une douleur soudaine et aiguë lorsqu’ils se déplacent des reins vers la vessie.
Vous devez donc consulter immédiatement un médecin si certains symptômes apparaissent :
Douleur soudaine et aiguë d’un côté du corps ou dans la cavité abdominale ou l’aine.
La tendance de l’urine à être rouge ou rose.
Se sentir mal et vomir
Les causes des calculs rénaux sont multiples :
Ils peuvent se former à la suite d’une perturbation des niveaux de liquide, de sels, de minéraux et de certains autres composés dans l’urine, et la principale raison en est la consommation insuffisante de liquide.
Certaines personnes sont plus sensibles que d’autres à la formation de calculs rénaux, et cela peut être dû à des facteurs génétiques.
Les complications que peuvent entraîner les calculs rénaux sont liées aux symptômes qu’ils peuvent provoquer et la douleur chronique est l’une des plus importantes.
Une personne peut remarquer qu’elle a des calculs rénaux lors de sa visite chez le médecin traitant ou lorsqu’elle se rend aux urgences à cause d’une douleur d’un côté ou dans la cavité abdominale.
Le médecin traitant pose quelques questions sur la nature de la douleur et le mode de vie du patient, puis procède à un examen physique complet. Il peut également prescrire divers tests d’imagerie, tels que : Des radiographies pour examiner les reins et le système urinaire du patient.
Dans un tel cas, une personne peut avoir besoin d’effectuer d’autres tests supplémentaires, en particulier lorsque plusieurs calculs sont découverts ou s’il existe des antécédents médicaux ou familiaux de calculs rénaux.
Le médecin peut recommander des analyses de sang et d’urine pour déterminer la cause des calculs. Ces tests aident également à déterminer si une personne risque de développer des calculs rénaux à l’avenir.
Dans la plupart des cas de calculs rénaux, le médecin peut demander que le patient soit traité dans son environnement familial en prenant des analgésiques, en plus de s’assurer de boire des quantités suffisantes d’eau et d’autres liquides afin de prévenir la déshydratation, et le médecin traitant peut prescrire des médicaments qui aideront à l’expulsion des calculs du corps.
Dans certains cas, lorsque la taille de la pierre est si grande qu’elle ne peut pas passer d’elle-même, ou si la pierre est coincée dans les voies urinaires, le patient peut avoir besoin d’être opéré ou de recevoir une lithotripsie.
Certaines mesures et procédures peuvent être prises pour prévenir les calculs rénaux, telles que les suivantes :
Boire suffisamment de liquides : environ 8 à 10 tasses par jour, progressivement.
Attention à changer de régime alimentaire : Le régime alimentaire est étroitement lié à la formation de calculs rénaux.Manger assez de fruits (pastèque, melon, abricot, prune et agrume) ainsi que de légumes (laitue, persil, concombre et courgette).
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