Historiquement, la première approche d’étude du développement cognitif ou de l’intelligence s’est centrée sur les différences individuelles. Le fait incontestable est que les gens diffèrent par leur capacité intellectuelle, leur capacité à se souvenir des listes pour l’épicerie, la rapidité avec laquelle ils résolvent les problèmes, le nombre de mots qu’ils peuvent définir et leur capacité à analyser des situations complexes. Lorsque nous disons que quelqu’un est « brillant » ou « très intelligent », nous parlons simplement de ces compétences, et notre étiquette est basée sur l’hypothèse que nous pouvons classer les personnes selon leur degré de « brillance ». C’est précisément cette hypothèse qui a conduit au développement des tests d’intelligence, conçus simplement pour nous donner un moyen de mesurer ces différences individuelles de puissance intellectuelle.
Cette définition « puissance » de l’intelligence renvoyait également à une approche psychométrique, en vigueur depuis de nombreuses années. Mais, ceci ne traite pas du fait tout aussi incontestable que « l’intelligence se développe ». Si vous donnez à un enfant de 5 ans une liste mentale de choses à ne pas oublier d’acheter à l’épicerie, il aura du mal à se souvenir de quelques-uns d’entre eux et il n’utilisera pas beaucoup de bonnes stratégies pour aider sa mémoire, comme répéter le répertorier ou organiser les éléments en groupes. Un enfant de 8 ans se souviendrait de plus de choses et répéterait probablement la liste dans sa tête, alors qu’il se rendait au magasin.
Le fait que l’intelligence se développe de cette manière constitue le fondement de la deuxième grande tradition dans l’étude du développement cognitif, l’approche développementale cognitive de Jean Piaget et de ses nombreux disciples. Piaget s’est concentré sur le développement des structures cognitives plutôt que sur la puissance intellectuelle, sur les modèles de développement communs à tous les enfants plutôt que sur les différences individuelles.
Ces deux traditions se côtoient depuis quelques années déjà, un peu comme des voisins peu amicaux qui se sourient vaguement lorsqu’ils se rencontrent mais ne se retrouvent jamais autour d’un café. Un troisième point de vue, appelé l’approche du traitement de l’information, qui intègre au moins partiellement les deux premiers. Les partisans de ce troisième point de vue soulignent l’importance des processus ou stratégies sous-jacents qui toute activité cognitive. Quels sont les blocs de construction ou les éléments de base, ces processus de base, nous pouvons alors poser des questions à la fois sur le développement et sur les différences individuelles : ces processus de base changent-ils avec l’âge, et les gens diffèrent-ils dans leur vitesse ou leur capacité à les utiliser ? Cette troisième approche est vraiment le nouvel enfant du quartier.
Chacun de ces trois points de vue nous dit quelque chose d’utile et de différent sur l’intelligence, nous devons donc les examiner tous les trois pour pouvoir évaluer l’intelligence d’un individu. J’essaierai d’écrire d’autres articles où je parlerai des changements développementaux et les différences individuelles en me basant en premier sur le point de vue de Piaget sur les changements développementaux de la structure intellectuelle et sur le traitement de l’information.
48 commentaires
I got good info from your blog
This really answered my problem, thank you!
I like this web site very much, Its a rattling nice position to read and incur information. “Anger is a signal, and one worth listening to.” by Harriet Lerner.
I enjoy what you guys are usually up too. This type of clever work and coverage! Keep up the wonderful works guys I’ve you guys to our blogroll.
Wow! Thank you! I permanently needed to write on my site something like that. Can I include a portion of your post to my blog?
You are my intake, I have few blogs and very sporadically run out from to brand : (.
Respect to author, some wonderful selective information.
After all, what a great site and informative posts, I will upload inbound link – bookmark this web site? Regards, Reader.
Utterly pent content, Really enjoyed studying.
Some truly interesting points you have written.Assisted me a lot, just what I was searching for : D.
Very well written story. It will be beneficial to everyone who usess it, including me. Keep up the good work – for sure i will check out more posts.
I see something really special in this website.
Wow! This blog looks exactly like my old one! It’s on a completely different topic but it has pretty much the same page layout and design. Superb choice of colors!
I have not checked in here for some time because I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I will add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
This is a topic close to my heart cheers, where are your contact details though?
I genuinely enjoy reading on this website, it has got great articles. “A short saying oft contains much wisdom.” by Sophocles.
Thank you for sharing with us, I conceive this website truly stands out : D.
I am really loving the theme/design of your web site. Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility issues? A couple of my blog readers have complained about my blog not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Firefox. Do you have any tips to help fix this issue?
Just wanna input that you have a very decent internet site, I enjoy the design and style it actually stands out.
Outstanding post, I conceive website owners should learn a lot from this blog its real user pleasant.
Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Very useful information specifically the last part 🙂 I care for such info much. I was seeking this certain information for a long time. Thank you and best of luck.
I conceive this site holds some really excellent info for everyone. “To be able to be caught up into the world of thought — that is being educated.” by Edith Hamilton.
you are really a good webmaster. The website loading speed is incredible. It seems that you’re doing any unique trick. Furthermore, The contents are masterwork. you’ve done a wonderful job on this topic!
Oh my goodness! an amazing article dude. Thank you Nonetheless I’m experiencing challenge with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody getting identical rss problem? Anyone who is aware of kindly respond. Thnkx
An impressive share, I just given this onto a colleague who was doing a little analysis on this. And he in fact bought me breakfast because I found it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love reading more on this topic. If possible, as you become expertise, would you mind updating your blog with more details? It is highly helpful for me. Big thumb up for this blog post!
I really like your writing style, superb information, regards for posting : D.
You could definitely see your expertise within the work you write. The world hopes for even more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. At all times go after your heart. “In America, through pressure of conformity, there is freedom of choice, but nothing to choose from.” by Peter Ustinov.
You are my inhalation, I have few web logs and rarely run out from brand :). “Follow your inclinations with due regard to the policeman round the corner.” by W. Somerset Maugham.
My partner and I stumbled over here from a different web address and thought I might as well check things out. I like what I see so i am just following you. Look forward to finding out about your web page yet again.
You made some clear points there. I looked on the internet for the subject and found most guys will consent with your site.
I couldn’t resist commenting
Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!
A powerful share, I simply given this onto a colleague who was doing just a little analysis on this. And he in truth bought me breakfast because I discovered it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! However yeah Thnkx for spending the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love reading extra on this topic. If attainable, as you grow to be experience, would you mind updating your weblog with more details? It’s extremely useful for me. Big thumb up for this blog post!
I like this post, enjoyed this one thanks for posting. “The universe is not hostile, nor yet is it unfriendly. It is simply indifferent.” by John Andrew Holmes.
Valuable information. Lucky me I found your site by accident, and I am shocked why this accident did not happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
Hey! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and tell you I really enjoy reading through your blog posts. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with the same subjects? Thanks for your time!
I’m impressed, I have to say. Really rarely do I encounter a weblog that’s both educative and entertaining, and let me inform you, you will have hit the nail on the head. Your concept is outstanding; the difficulty is one thing that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I’m very completely happy that I stumbled throughout this in my search for something relating to this.
Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is fundamental and all. However think about if you added some great photos or video clips to give your posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with images and videos, this blog could definitely be one of the very best in its niche. Excellent blog!
What i don’t understood is if truth be told how you are now not actually a lot more smartly-preferred than you may be right now. You’re very intelligent. You know thus considerably on the subject of this topic, made me individually believe it from numerous varied angles. Its like men and women aren’t interested unless it’s something to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your personal stuffs outstanding. All the time deal with it up!
I wish to show my thanks to the writer for rescuing me from such a predicament. After searching through the internet and getting strategies which are not productive, I believed my life was gone. Being alive minus the solutions to the problems you’ve resolved by means of your blog post is a critical case, and the kind that might have in a negative way damaged my career if I had not come across your blog post. Your own personal training and kindness in handling all things was important. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not come across such a step like this. I can at this point look ahead to my future. Thanks very much for the specialized and effective help. I won’t hesitate to endorse your blog post to anybody who ought to have care about this subject.
There are some attention-grabbing time limits in this article however I don’t know if I see all of them center to heart. There is some validity however I’ll take hold opinion until I look into it further. Good article , thanks and we would like more! Added to FeedBurner as properly
Thankyou for all your efforts that you have put in this. very interesting info .
very good publish, i certainly love this web site, keep on it
I will right away seize your rss feed as I can not in finding your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you have any? Please permit me understand in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
Hello. Great job. I did not expect this. This is a remarkable story. Thanks!
Wonderful paintings! That is the kind of info that are meant to be shared across the net. Disgrace on Google for not positioning this post higher! Come on over and talk over with my site . Thank you =)
Good day! I just want to offer you a big thumbs up for your excellent information you have got here on this post. Ill be coming back to your blog for more soon.
After looking at a handful of the articles on your web page, I really like your technique of writing a blog. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Take a look at my website as well and let me know your opinion.