Je ne suis pas féministe. Je n’ai jamais cherché à défendre la condition des femmes et leur émancipation au sein de la société patriarcale surtout au Moyen Orient. Ce que j’ai toujours voulu comprendre, c’est ce misonéisme à l’égard de la réussite des femmes. En d’autres termes, pourquoi les femmes arabes doivent-elles réussir à l’extérieur de leurs pays, au lieu que leurs sociétés en bénéficient. Certes, il y aura qui me contrediront, en assurant qu’il s’agit d’une calomnie et que mes accusations sont mal basées. C’est pourquoi dans cet article, j’ai choisi de rendre hommage à l’une des figures les plus importantes de l’architecture moderne. Elle a été à la base du courant déconstructiviste : une pionnière…. Zaha Hadid.
Origines et études.
Née à Bagdad, en 1950, elle choisit de s’installer au Liban où elle étudie les mathématiques à l’AUB. Zaha déménage ensuite à Londres pour étudier l’architecture à l’Architectural Association School of Architecture. Elle suit les cours de Rem Koolhaas et Elia Zenghelisa, avec lesquels elle collaborera à l’Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) à Rotterdam. Elle y travaille si dur qu’en 1977, année de l’obtention de son diplôme, elle y devient associée.
Carrière et enseignement d’une pionnière.
En 1980, elle crée sa propre agence à Londres. Hadid enseigne aussi à l’Architectural Association School of Architecture, puis dans les institutions internationales les plus prestigieuses.
Elle obtient la chaire Kenzo Tange à la Graduate School of Design à Harvard, puis la chaire Sullivan à l’école d’architecture de l’université de l’Illinois à Chicago. Elle a été aussi professeur associée à la Hochschule für Bildende Künste à Hambourg, à la Knowlton School d’Architecture de l’université d’Ohio, aux Masters Studio de l’université Columbia à New York.
En 2000, elle est nommée professeur au département d’architecture de l’université des Arts Appliqués à Vienne. Elle a été membre honorifique de l’Académie américaine des arts et des lettres et de l’American Institute of Architects.
Récompenses et réalisations d’une pionnière.
En 2004, elle a été la seule femme à recevoir le prix Pritzker.
En 2016, année de son décès, son agence réalise la caserne de pompiers du site industriel de l’entreprise allemande Vitra. De même, la gare du tramway à Strasbourg, le tremplin de Bergisel de saut à ski d’Innsbruck. De plus, l’usine BMW à Leipzig, le centre culturel Heydar-Aliyev à Bakou, le Salerno Maritime Terminal en Italie. Et la liste se prolonge et compte environ 430 employés. Son siège est situé à Londres, dans le quartier de Clerkenwell, l’un des quartiers les plus prestigieux de la ville.
Contexte familial et politique.
Zaha Hadid était la fille de Muhammad al-Hajj Husayn Hadid, un riche industriel de Mossoul. Il fut l’un des fondateurs du groupe politique de la gauche libérale al-Ahali, une importante organisation politique entre les années 1930 et 1940. Il a été aussi co-fondateur du Parti national démocrate en Irak.
Zaha aurait pu rester chez elle, profiter de la position de son père et de ses contacts dans la société irakienne, et réussir comme elle le fit ailleurs. Mais là, elle n’aurait pas réussi seule. Voilà, c’est ma réponse antérieure à tous mes critiques qui doivent admettre qu’une femme au Moyen Orient n’arrive jamais à l’apogée du succès sans un appui ou plutôt un piston.
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