Confiné entre quatre murs, on passe sa journée à cuisiner ou à faire et refaire le ménage, même si la maison brille comme un sou neuf. On relit des livres oubliés depuis des années et on les redécouvre. On écoute de la musique (Bach, Handel, Haydn…) qu’on n’appréciait pas auparavant. Ou bien on surfe sur le net.
Une rencontre musicale inattendue.

C’est ainsi que j’ai découvert Aapo Häkkinen, interprétant les concertos 3 et 4 pour clavecin de Johann Sebastian Bach, sur France Musique.
Aapo Häkkinen, claveciniste baroque.
Né en 1976 à Helsinki, Aapo Häkkinen est un claveciniste finlandais, spécialiste du répertoire baroque. Il commence le clavecin à 13 ans, au Conservatoire d’Amsterdam. Il poursuit ensuite ses études avec Pierre Hantaï, à Paris.
Une carrière européenne.
Häkkinen s’est produit comme soliste dans la plupart des pays européens. Il a dirigé plusieurs ensembles et ouvrages, parmi lesquels :
- Acis et Galatea de Haendel
- L’isola disabitata de Haydn (Opéra de Chambre finlandais)
- L’incoronazione di Poppea de Monteverdi (Opéra National de Finlande)
Il est aujourd’hui directeur artistique de l’Orchestre Baroque d’Helsinki.
Bach sur France Musique.
Sur France Musique, il a interprété :

- Le concerto pour trois clavecins en ut majeur, BWV 1064
- Le concerto pour quatre clavecins en la mineur, BWV 1065
Les concertos pour clavecin de Bach.
De son vivant, Bach composa :
- Trois concertos pour deux clavecins (BWV 1060 à 1062)
- Deux pour trois clavecins (BWV 1063 et 1064)
- Un pour quatre clavecins (BWV 1065)
Ces œuvres ont été créées à la même époque et pour les mêmes besoins que les concertos pour clavecin solo, destinés aux concerts du Collegium Musicum.
Le BWV 1065 de Bach, un hommage à Vivaldi.
Le célèbre BWV 1065 est un concerto pour quatre clavecins, cordes (2 violons, alto) et basse continue. Il appartient à la série BWV 1052-1065. Cette œuvre baroque en trois mouvements (Allegro – Largo – Allegro) dure environ 15 minutes.
Ce concerto est en réalité un arrangement du 10ᵉ concerto de l’opus 3 de Vivaldi, L’invention harmonique, conçu pour quatre violons et violoncelle. Bach le transcrivit avec la collaboration de sa seconde épouse, Anna Magdalena Bach.
L’interprétation d’Häkkinen

En l’interprétant, Aapo Häkkinen démontre toute l’habileté de Bach. Il réussit à répartir les rôles entre les quatre clavecins avec une légèreté qui évite toute surcharge.
Le BWV 1064, aux origines violonistiques.
Le concerto BWV 1064 pour trois clavecins dérive probablement d’un original en ré majeur pour trois violons. Il rappelle, par sa forme, le BWV 1062 (ou 1043 pour deux violons), dans la façon dont le concertino dialogue avec le ripieno. Le mouvement lent, de style cantabile, en est un bel exemple.
Une œuvre discutée.
À l’écoute du BWV 1064, on pourrait être plus réservé. On pourrait même rejoindre Hector Berlioz, grand compositeur et critique français. Après avoir entendu le BWV 1063 joué par Chopin, Liszt et Hiller, il écrivit :
« C’était navrant de voir trois talents admirables réunis en faisceau pour reproduire cette sotte et ridicule psalmodie. »

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