Le complexe d’infériorité est le sentiment d’une personne qui souffre d’une déficience psychologique ou sociale ou d’une infirmité physique, d’une manière qui affecte son comportement, ce qui conduit dans certains cas à un dépassement compensatoire par le génie, la réalisation de soi et l’être, ou au fanatisme, au renfermement et même au crime dans certains cas.
La méthode pour faire face à la carence comme un “mode de vie” et a considéré que chaque personne naît avec un certain degré d’infériorité, qui commence dès que l’enfant commence à comprendre l’existence des personnes qui l’entoure et qui ont une meilleure capacité que lui, à prendre soin d’elles-mêmes et à s’adapter à leur environnement, ce qui lui donne la force motrice pour développer ses capacités.
Mais ce sentiment d’infériorité a deux niveaux : le sentiment initial d’infériorité qui est le sentiment enraciné dans l’expérience d’un enfant dépendant et de faible caractère, plus tard, ce sentiment peut s’accroitre par rapport aux frères, sœurs, et adultes et le sentiment d’infériorité secondaire qui fait référence à l’expérience de l’adulte incapable d’atteindre un but réconfortant existant dans le subconscient qui lui procure un sentiment de sécurité personnelle et de compensation et qu’on appelle aussi «besoin d’idéalisme» . L’échec d’atteindre cette cible conduira à un sentiment de dépression négatif, une attitude pessimiste et une incapacité à surmonter les difficultés de la vie qui peuvent stimuler le sentiment initial d’infériorité.
Contrairement au complexe d’infériorité, nous trouvons le complexe de supériorité, qui est une méthode de défense psychologique pour dissimuler les sentiments d’infériorité.
Parmi les personnes sujettes au complexe d’infériorité figurent celles qui présentent un faible niveau de confiance en soi ou d’importance individuelle, un faible niveau social ou des antécédents de symptômes dépressifs. Les enfants qui ont été élevés dans des foyers où ils ont été fréquemment critiqués ou ne peuvent pas répondre aux attentes de leurs parents peuvent également souffrir d’un complexe d’infériorité. Il y a souvent de nombreux signes avant-coureurs pour ceux qui peuvent être plus à risque d’un complexe d’infériorité. Par exemple, les personnes qui recherchent l’attention et l’approbation des autres peuvent être plus vulnérables.
Selon le psychiatre Adler, «Tout le monde ressent un sentiment d’infériorité. Cependant, un sentiment d’infériorité n’est pas une maladie, mais un catalyseur pour une poursuite et un développement plus sains et normaux. Cela ne devient satisfaisant que lorsque le sentiment d’inefficacité submerge l’individu et au lieu de le stimuler à faire des activités bénéfiques, le rend déprimé et incapable de se développer. Lorsque le complexe d’infériorité est en plein effet, il peut également affecter les performances de l’individu car il peut affecter la confiance en soi de l’individu. Les processus psychologiques et émotionnels dans le subconscient peuvent perturber la capacité de perception des élèves à apprendre, et des souvenirs remplis de sentiments négatifs peuvent perturber le processus d’apprentissage ».
Dans le traitement de la santé mentale individuelle, ces traits apparaissent chez les patients souffrant de nombreux troubles tels que la schizophrénie, les troubles de l’humeur et les troubles de la personnalité la perversion narcissique, de schizophrénie paranoïde dont les malades utilisent leurs hallucinations comme une défense contre un manque implicite de confiance en soi.
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