les Concerts de Notre-Dame; une tradition musicale.
Depuis 1991, la ville de Paris, en collaboration avec le ministère de la Culture et l’Association diocésaine de Paris, a créé l’association Musique Sacrée de Notre-Dame de Paris.
Depuis, la Cathédrale accueillait chaque année des concerts de musique sacrée. Cette année, la Cathédrale allait le faire du fin février jusqu‘au début du mois de juillet 2019. Mais malheureusement, ce projet ne sera pas complètement réalisé à cause de l’incendie qui a ravagé la flèche et une partie des voûtes.
Les Concerts de Notre-Dame; des concerts inoubliables.
Une amie à moi, vivant à Paris, a eu la chance d’assister le mardi 2 avril à La Passion selon saint Matthieu, par Jean-Sébastien Bach.
Elle m’a raconté sa fascination, de laquelle je ne pouvais pas douter.
Personnellement, je l’ai enviée ; depuis mon enfance, j’écoutais de la musique classique, surtout Bach, que mon père appréciait énormément.
Les Concerts de Notre-Dame de Paris; La Passion du Christ en hommage à la Cathédrale incendiée.
Dans mon post actuel, et en hommage à Notre-Dame de Paris, j’aimerais bien parler un peu de cette œuvre grandiose.
Ainsi, pour ceux qui ne savent pas ce qu’est La Passion, eh bien, c’est un chant sacré relatant l’histoire de la mort de Jésus.
Les Passions dans l’histoire de la musique.
De nombreuses passions ont été écrites dans l’histoire de la musique.
Mais les plus connues restent celles composées lors de la période baroque par Haendel (3 passions) et Bach (4 passions, dont seulement 2 nous sont parvenues intégralement).
Jean-Sébastien Bach (1685-1750) a écrit une passion selon chaque évangile. Mais seules celles d’après saint Matthieu et saint Jean nous sont véritablement parvenues. La passion selon saint Luc aurait été faussement attribuée à Bach, tandis que la passion selon saint Marc, jouée de nos jours, serait bien de Bach. Mais seul un mouvement aurait vraiment survécu au temps ; le reste ayant été ajouté ou arrangé.
La structure de la Passion selon saint Matthieu.
Ce récit est divisé en plusieurs mouvements :
- les grands chœurs qui introduisent et clôturent le drame,
- les chorals, chantés par l’ensemble des choristes, qui symbolisent les pensées des croyants,
- les airs, chantés par les différents personnages lors des tournants du récit, qui décrivent les émotions des protagonistes.
- les chœurs “spontanés”, très courts, qui symbolisent les réactions de la foule : les soldats, le peuple juif.
Les six épisodes du drame.
Ces mouvements s’articulent autour de six épisodes :
- l’épisode du parfum (10 min presque),
- La Cène (20 min),
- la veillée et l’arrestation au mont des Oliviers (35 min),
- l’interrogatoire de Jésus et le reniement de saint Pierre (45 min),
- la condamnation (60 min),
- et enfin la crucifixion (plus d’une heure).
Une œuvre magistrale et oubliée.
Revenons à La Passion selon saint Matthieu. Cette pièce musicale aurait été composée entre 1727 et 1729. Elle aurait été créée à l’occasion du Vendredi Saint, le 15 avril 1729.
Elle porte une émotion qui ne fut pas appréciée par le public austère de l’église Saint-Thomas de Leipzig, où Bach officia de 1723 à sa mort en 1750.
L’œuvre sera oubliée durant 100 ans, jusqu’en 1829, où elle sera jouée avec un grand succès par Félix Mendelssohn à Berlin.
C’est une œuvre monumentale, qui dure presque 2h45, chantée sous forme d’une psalmodie par un ténor : Saint Matthieu.
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