Né en 1860, mort en 1909 en France, Isaac Albéniz est en quelque sorte le Chopin de la musique espagnole.
Comme la musique de Chopin n’est jamais plus personnelle que quand elle semble s’inspirée de l’âme populaire, de même, les œuvres les plus significatives d’Albéniz sont celles qui évoquent le plus fortement les chants, les danses, bref, l’écho du pays.
Parmi ses œuvres les plus célèbres, Asturias. De la région d’Asturies, cette Leyanda (légende en Espagnol) est une œuvre musicale composée à l’origine pour piano et mise en tonalité de sol mineur, plus tard, elle fut adaptée pour la guitare. Cette composition fait partie de la Suite espagnole, op.47: (Granada/Cataluña, Sevilla/Cuba, Cadiz/Asturias et Aragon/Castilla).
Chacune des quatre pièces dépeint le style musical de chacune des quatre régions d’Espagne consécutivement, excepté Asturias qui ne le reflète pas exactement.
À noter que cette Suite espagnole a été composée en l’honneur de Marie Christine d’Autriche reine d’Espagne.
* Il faut tenir compte qu’une Suite musicale est la forme la plus audacieuse d’une œuvre instrumentale en plusieurs mouvements écrits dans une même tonalité et consistant en un groupe de danses ancêtres de la Sonate. Son origine remonte au XVIème siècle, elle fut appelée aussi en Italie Sonata da ballo c.à.d. Sonate de danse.
Asturias, faisant partie d’une Suite espagnole qui commence par un accent vif à l’évocation musicale imitant les thèmes, les rythmes et les harmonies de la chanson et de la danse populaire. Cette composition connait des moments vifs avec quelques haltes et des tons un peu lents évocateurs d’une extrême sensibilité, pour retomber dans l’enthousiasme de quelques élans vivaces et beaux.
Comme la majorité des œuvres d’Albéniz, on peut discerner une affinité entre les chants arabes et la pièce composée surtout pour les morceaux adaptés pour la guitare car l’harmonie exotique de cet instrument pourrait avoir un précédent dans l’esprit, les traditions et le caractère des populations orientales arabes. Et si l’on parle de la présence orientale dans la musique d’Albéniz, c’est qu’il ne faut pas oublier que le compositeur était juif et qu’il a été marqué en quelque sens par les nombreuses mélodies à saveur orientale cultivées par les Juifs de Sépharade, sédimentées depuis des siècles dans le folklore espagnol et que son père, mélomane, aimait ecouter. Aussi, a-t-il était inspiré par l’aspect oriental du flamenco qui est dû à la pratique liturgique byzantine, antérieure à la domination arabe, qui, à son tour, est imprégnée de la tradition judaïque dont elle émane. Tout cet amalgame culturel et cultuel donna naissance à une musique qui répondrait aux aspirations du compositeur qui cherchait comme toute sa génération, un souffle d’exotisme perdu dans la vieille Europe.
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