Le 23 février passé, au Festival al Bustan, avant ce terrible confinement qui a paralysé le globe terrestre, Vanessa Benelli Mosell à qui Yuri Bashmet avait accordé le Prix du Festival d’Elbe en 2004, a joué le Concerto pour piano no 3 en do mineurr pour Beethoven accompagnée de l’Orchestre Philharmonique Libanais.
La salle était pleine et la séance qui avait commencé par la symphonie no 3 dirigée par le jeune Gianluca Marcianò, s’est poursuivie par le très célèbre Concerto pour piano et orchestre no 3 en do mineur, opus 37 qui est le troisième des cinq concertos pour piano de Ludwig van Beethoven.
Composé tout juste après l’écriture du Testament de Heiligenstadt et contemporain de la Troisième symphonie (1803- 1804) ce concerto n’a rien du caractère récalcitrant et intransigeant des autres œuvres de Beethoven en do mineur: un concerto pour piano a toujours été une œuvre relativement commerciale et est supposé séduire un large public. C’est l’unique concerto de Beethoven composé en mode mineur. C’est un concerto de forme classique : il est en trois mouvements , le premier, sombre, de forme sonate bi thématique avec une double exposition, le deuxième, romantique et mélodieux, de forme lied (A-B-A’) et le troisième, ardent, est un mélange entre le rondo et la forme sonate (AB-ACA-ABA) (procédé souvent utilisé par Beethoven) et est l’une des premières œuvres du compositeur à reposer sur des éléments préromantiques, illustrant bien le début de « la période du milieu » chez le compositeur.
Notons aussi que le premier et le troisième mouvement, dans la tragique tonalité du do mineur (tonalité de la fameuse Cinquème symphonie sont d’une intensité et d’un dramatisme poignant qui n’existait pas dans les deux premiers concertos. Comme dans la Cinquième symphonie, le concerto se termine en do majeur.
Pour ce concerto, le style du compositeur s’est écarté résolument de l’inspiration mozartienne qui caractérise les deux premiers concertos. En effet, la virtuosité participe à présent à la cohésion dramatique. Le rythme pointé de base, ossature du premier mouvement engendre la virtuosité du soliste et les développements mélodiques. Le piano devient un véritable médiateur en assurant les transitions et en installant les développements par un dialogue avec l’orchestre, lequel prend des proportions symphoniques c.à.d. l’orchestre, ici, a un rôle plus important que dans les deux premiers concertos: il n’est pas simplement au service du soliste mais un partenaire égal.
Le compositeur a présenté son Concerto en do mineur de manière à ce qu’il continue à embrouiller l’esprit plus de deux siècles après les faits. La première eut lieu le 5 avril 1803, au Theater an der Wien, le programme offrait trois autres nouvelles œuvres : la Deuxième Symphonie, l’oratorio Christus am Ölberge (Christ sur le mont des Oliviers), ainsi qu’une reprise de la première symphonie, entendue pour la première fois un an plus tôt.
Ce Concerto comble le fossé entre les deux concertos antérieurs de Beethoven, plus clairement dérivés de Mozart et un style plus personnel, tout en montrant simultanément une conscience aiguë du concerto le plus proche de Mozart, K. 491, d’un côté dans la même tonalité du do mineur, de l’autre, les deux s’ouvrent avec les cordes jouant doucement une figure ascendante, les vents se joignant pour le premier point culminant. Un fragment thématique – do – mi bémol – bémol – du thème du premier mouvement de Mozart K. 491 est indiqué par les cordes basses de la neuvième mesure du Beethoven. Plus frappant, les arpèges solos de Beethoven dans la coda rappellent des parties de Mozart dans son travail. Mais ici, les féroces exécutions en do mineur avec lesquelles le piano entre ensuite sont les drames les plus purs et les plus beethoveniens.
Le mouvement lent est une oasis de calme au milieu des mouvements extérieurs agités, avec l’étendue chantante de la mélodie du piano accompagnée de cordes en sourdine, après quoi les arpèges de piano s’enroulent autour du thème, désormais énoncé par les cordes et les bois. Suit un passage magique où des arpèges de piano accompagnent un duo pour basson et flûte.
Le rondo final, en do mineur encore, a beaucoup d’esprit mais aussi beaucoup de tension et Beethoven surprend par un deuxième thème, annoncé par la clarinette, après quoi le thème principal se transforme en une fugue dont la conclusion semble signaler le retour du do mineur. Mais non, il monte d’un demi-ton au bémol (un vieux tour de Haydn), puis le piano erre en mi majeur, qui peut être loin du bémol mais pas du lent mouvement de ce même concerto.
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